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Writer's pictureJeremy Siedlak

carbohydrates

Updated: Oct 22, 2021

  • living things use carbohdrates as a key source of energy !

  • plants use carbohydrats for structure (cellullose)



important facts about starch

  • starch molecules are made up of thousands of glucose molecules attached together

  • starch is vary large and must be broken down into glucose throgh the cell membrane


 

monosaccharides (simple sugers)


  • all have the formula c6 h 12 0 6

  • all have a single ring struture

  • (glucose is an example)


disaccharides (doble sugare )

  • all have the formula c12 h 22 011

sucrose(tabel suger )



polysaccharides


  • formed of three or more simple sugers units

  • glycogen- anmimal starch stored in liver & muscles

  • celluose- indigestible in hummans -forms cellwall

  • starches used as energy storage


 


lipids (fats)

  • chiefly function in energy storage. protection and insulation

  • contain carban , hydrogen and oxygen but the h:o is not in a 2:1 ratio

  • tend to be large moleculse--an example of a neutral lipid is below

  • fats,oils,waxes,steroids

  • neutral lipids are formed from the union of one glycerol molecules and 3 fatty acides


nuleic acids


  • in all cells

  • composed of nucleotides

  • store & transmit heredity/genetic information

  • nucleotids consist of 3 parts

  • 5-carbon sugar

  • phosphate grope

  • nitogenous base


 

proteins

  • contaiain the elements carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen

  • compost of many amino acid subunits

  • it is the arrangement of the amino acid

  • that forms that primary struture of protens.

  • arracedto the methyl grope is a r grope


major protein functions


  • growth and repair

  • enzymes



 
























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